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Milling
Milling is basic machining process in which the surface is generated by the progressive formation and removal of chips of material from the workpiece as it is fed to a rotating cutter in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cutter. In some cases the workpiece is stationary and the cutter is fed to the work. In most instances a multiple- tooth cutter is used to that the metal removal rate is high, and frequently the desired surface is obtained in a single pass of the work.
The tool used in milling is known as a milling cutter. It usually consists of a cylindrical body which rotates on its axis and contains equally spaced peripheral teeth that intermittently engage and cut the workpiece (see Figure 22-4). In some cases the teeth extent part way across one or both ends of the cylinder.
Because the milling principle provides rapid metal removal and can produce good surface finish, it is particularly well- suited foe mass- production work, and excellent milling machines have been developed for this purpose. However, very accurate and versatile milling machines of a general- purpose nature also have been developed that are widely used in job- shop and tool and die work. A shop that is equipped with a milling machine and an engine lathe machine almost any type of product of suitable size.
Types of milling operation
. Milling operations can be classified into two broad categories, each of which has several variations:
In peripheral milling a surface is generated by teeth located in the periphery of the cutter body; the surface is parallel with the axis of rotation of the cutter. Both flat and formed surface can be produced by this method. The cross section of the resulting surface corresponds to the axial contour of the cutter. This procedure often is called slab milling.
In face milling the generated flat surface is at right angles to the cutter axis and is the combined result of the actions of the portions of the teeth located on both the periphery and the face of the cutter. The major portion of the cutting is done by the peripheral portions of the teeth with the face portions providing a finishing action.
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